Nuclear Weapons, Explosive Devices, Designed To Release Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Weapons, explosive devices, designed to release nuclear energy on a large scale, used primarily in military applications. The first atomic bomb (or A-bomb), which was tested on July 16, 1945, at Alamogordo, New Mexico, represented a completely new type of artificial explosive. All explosives prior to that time derived their power from the rapid burning or decomposition of some chemical compound. Such chemical processes release only the energy of the outermost electrons in the atom. See Atom and Atomic Theory. Nuclear explosives, on the other hand, involve energy sources within the core, or nucleus, of the atom. The A-bomb gained its power from the splitting, or fission, of all the atomic nuclei in several kilograms of plutonium. A sphere about the size of a baseball produced an explosion equal to 20,000 tons of TNT. The A-bomb was developed, constructed, and tested by the Manhattan Project, a massive United States enterprise that was established in August 1942, during World War II. Many prominent American scientists including the physicists Enrico Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and the chemist Harold Urey, were associated with the project, which was headed by a U.S. Army engineer, Major General Leslie Groves. After the war, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission became responsible for the oversight of all nuclear matters, including weapons research. Other types of bombs were developed to tap the energy of light elements, such as hydrogen. In these bombs the source of energy is the fusion process, in which nuclei of the isotopes of hydrogen combine to form a heavier helium nucleus (see Thermonuclear, or Fusion, Weapons below). This weapons research has resulted in the production of bombs that range in power from a fraction of a kiloton (1000 tons of TNT equivalent) to many megatons (1 million tons of TNT equivalent). Furthermore, the physical size of the bomb has been drastically reduced, permitting the development of nuclear artillery shells and small missiles that can be fired from portable launchers in the field. Although nuclear bombs were originally developed as strategic weapons to be carried by large bombers, nuclear weapons are now available for a variety of both strategic and tactical applications. Not only can they be delivered by different types of aircraft, but rockets and guided missiles of many sizes can now carry nuclear warheads and can be launched from the ground, the air, or underwater. Large rockets can carry multiple warheads for delivery to separate targets. Fission Weapons In 1905 Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, the relation between mass and energy is expressed by the equation E = mc2, which states that a given mass (m) is associated with an amount of energy (E) equal to this mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light (c). A very small amount of matter is equivalent to a vast amount of energy. For example, 1 kg (2.2 lb) of matter converted completely into energy would be equivalent to the energy released by exploding 22 megatons of TNT. In 1939, as a result of experiments by the German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann (1902-80), who split the uranium atom into two roughly equal parts by bombardment with neutrons See Neutron, the Austrian physicist Lise Meitner, with her nephew, the British physicist Otto Robert Frisch (1904-79), explained the process of nuclear fission, which placed the release of atomic energy within reach. The Chain Reaction When the uranium or other suitable nucleus fissions, it breaks up into a pair of nuclear fragments and releases energy. At the same time, the nucleus emits very quickly a number of fast neutrons, the same type of particle that initiated the fission of the uranium nucleus. This makes it possible to achieve a self-sustaining series of nuclear fissions; the neutrons that are emitted in fission produce a chain reaction, with continuous release of energy. The light isotope of uranium, uranium-235, is easily split by the fission neutrons and, upon fission, emits an average of about 2.5 neutrons. One neutron per generation of nuclear fissions is necessary to sustain the chain reactions. Others may be lost by escape from the mass of chain-reacting material, or they may be absorbed in impurities or in the heavy uranium isotope, uranium-238, if it

What Type of Sample Essay to Write About a Company?

What Type of Sample Essay to Write About a Company?Many people fail to write a great sample essay, but others succeed. It is possible to master the craft of writing a great essay or test, if you apply yourself to writing it consistently. There are many methods to writing a great essay and it will depend on your style of writing. Here are some sample essays, you can look at to get started.A sample essay about a company in general is best for those who are already familiar with the company. A company in general is a good example because there are many companies and types of companies. There is also something here for everyone because there are so many employees at each of the different companies. This type of essay is so easy to write because the main thing is the information and facts that you can pass on.A general essay can include aspects of the company like the industry, location, and even the employee's education. The company itself will be the main subject of the essay and should go beyond just the products or services that the company sells. A sample essay on how great the company is because of its employee's attitude and overall well being is very important to pass on. Be sure to mention the employee's job description when writing about how great the company is.A sample essay about sports or video games is very popular and has a wide range of topics to cover. Sports that are popular or just out of hand are popular topics because they get attention from the audience. Online sports videos have increased greatly in recent years and are definitely something that everyone can relate to. The entertainment and excitement of watching sports videos are something that people have enjoyed for many years.Essays about employees are also popular because people love to get a feel for a company by knowing how the people there act. A great tip to help students in their writing is to write their own version of a student essay for an examor class. If they are not sure about how to write a sample essay, they can use a textbook for a sample essay. The best way to write the essay is to be sure that it is as true to you as possible so that the general population will be able to understand.Another popular topic for a sample essay is science fiction. This is a popular genre, because it is a good outlet for creativity. There are many great books that you can read that will help you write a good science fiction essay. If you want to write about another world, a movie or television show, be sure to list all the things that you know about the genre so that you are able to truly experience it yourself.While a sample essay may be written for a specific company, you should include a sample essay about any company that you can think of. It is very important to realize that a company can contain millions of employees, so it is important to include all the information about the company. You can use the same type of essay for a large corporation or small business.It i s very important to practice and hone your writing skills. You should be able to pass the sample essay on the first try and be able to easily read and decipher the information that you are passing on. When writing a sample essay, there are so many details that need to be noted.