How Airline Companies can be corporate social responsible and be profitable

Question Help Essays

Question Help Essays Question Help Essay Question Help Essay 1)The Seattle Corporation has been presented with an investment opportunity that will yield cash flows of $30,000 per year in Years 1 through 4, $35,000 per year in Years 5 through 9, and $40,000 in Year 10. This investment will cost the firm $150,000 today, and the firm’s cost of capital is 10 percent. What is the payback period for this investment? Payback period Using the even cash flow distribution assumption, the project will completely recover the initial investment after $30/$35 = 0. 86 of Year 5: Payback = 4 + = 4. 86 years. )As the director of capital budgeting for Denver Corporation, you are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net cash flows: Project X Project Z Year Cash Flow Cash Flow 0 -$100,000 -$100,000 1 50,000 10,000 2 40,000 30,000 3 30,000 40,000 4 10,000 60,000 If Denver’s cost of capital is 15 percent, which project would you choose? NPV Numerical solution: Financial calculator solution (in thousands ): Project X: Inputs: CF0 = -100; CF1 = 50; CF2 = 40; CF3 = 30; CF4 = 10; I = 15. Output: NPVX = -0. 833 = -$833. Project Z: Inputs: CF0 = -100; CF1 = 10; CF2 = 30; CF3 = 40; CF4 = 60; I = 15. Output: NPVZ = -8. 014 = -$8,014. At a cost of capital of 15%, both projects have negative NPVs and, thus, both would be rejected. 3)The capital budgeting director of Sparrow Corporation is evaluating a project that costs $200,000, is expected to last for 10 years and produce after-tax cash flows, including depreciation, of $44,503 per year. If the firm’s cost of capital is 14 percent and its tax rate is 40 percent, what is the project’s IRR? IRR Financial calculator solution: Inputs: CF0 = -200000; CF1 = 44503; Nj = 10. Output: IRR = 18%. 4)St. John’s Paper is considering purchasing equipment today that has a depreciable cost of $1 million. The equipment will be depreciated on a MACRS 5-year basis, which implies the following depreciation schedule: MACRS Depreciation Year Rates 1 0. 20 2 0. 32 3 0. 19 4 0. 12 5 0. 11 6 0. 06 Assume that the company sells the equipment after three years for $400,000 and the company’s tax rate is 40 percent. What would be the tax consequences resulting from the sale of the equipment? Taxes on gain on sale When the machine is sold the total accumulated depreciation on it is: (0. 20 + 0. 32 + 0. 19) ? $1,000,000 = $710,000. The book value of the equipment is: $1,000,000 $710,000 = $290,000. The machine is sold for $400,000, so the gain is $400,000 $290,000 = $110,000. Taxes are calculated as $110,000 ? 0. 4 = $44,000. 5)Ellison Products is considering a new project that develops a new laundry detergent, WOW. The company has estimated that the project’s NPV is $3 million, but this does not consider that the new laundry detergent will reduce the revenues received on its existing laundry detergent products. Specifically, the company estimates that if it develops WOW the company will lose $500,000 in after-tax cash flows during each of the next 10 years because of the cannibalization of its existing products. Ellison’s WACC is 10 percent. What is the net present value (NPV) of undertaking WOW after considering externalities? NPV with externalities Step 1:Calculate the NPV of the negative externalities due to the cannibalization of existing projects: Enter the following input data in the calculator: CF0 = 0; CF1-10 = -500000; I = 10; and then solve for NPV = $3,072,283. 5. Step 2:Recalculate the new project’s NPV after considering externalities: +$3,000,000 $3,072,283. 55 = -$72,283. 55. 6)If one Swiss franc can purchase $0. 71 U. S. dollar, how many Swiss francs can one U. S. dollar buy? Exchange rates Dollars should sell for 1/0. 71, or 1. 41 Swiss francs per dollar. 7)Currently, in the spot market $1 = 106. 45 Japanese yen, 1 Japanese yen = 0. 00966 euro, and 1 euro = 9. 0606 Mexican pesos. What is the exchange rate between the U. S. dollar and the Mexican peso? Exchange rates Find the $ to peso rate: 106. 45 ? 0. 00966 ? 9. 0606 = 9. 3171. $1. 00 = 9. 3171 pesos. 8)A telephone costs $50 in the United States. Today, in the currency markets you observe the following exchange rates: 1 U. S. dollar = 1. 0279 euros 1 euro = 8. 1794 Norwegian krones Assume that the currency markets are efficient and that purchasing power parity holds worldwide. What should be the price of the same telephone in Norway? Purchasing power parity The cost of the telephone in Norway is 50 ? 1. 0279 ? 8. 1794 = 420. 3803 Norwegian krones.

Neoliberal Transition in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Neoliberal Transition in Latin America - Essay Example Economic integration between countries will be examined to see if any neo-liberalism is taking place within the regions of Latin American countries. Discussion includes analysis of manufacturing products and those based on renewable resources mainly in relation to regional development in Chile and the growth of non-traditional exports and labor markets. The paper first examines the origins and thought processes of neo-liberalism. Neo-liberalism maintains people act according to self-interest and that markets yield the most efficient outcome by free trade balances within liberalized capital markets with minimal government intervention in the economy. Karl Marx developed the theory that under capitalism, technical and distributional changes tend to follow specific patterns of evolution. This course of changes coalesces the expansion of output, capital, and employment. (Other mitigating factors include the rise of labor productivity, the real wage, and the capital-to-labor ratio.) Further in the evolution lies difficulty to sustain the progress of labor productivity without resorting to increased amounts of capital investment. The decline of the profit rate creates the conditions for large crises resulting in recessions and unemployment. (These movements and tendencies occur at declining rates of variation (Dumenil & Levy, 2004). Marxist economics is deeply rooted in many Latin countries  and enjoy a strong historical foundation; however, â€Å"with the rise of the Cold War and the increasing United States’ hostility toward  anything remotely progressive, the left in Latin America was first, mildly, and then severely repressed. The list of casualties includes The Arbenz regime in Guatemala; Goulart in Brazil; Allende in Chile and democracy in Uruguay and Argentina† (Noble & Weinstein, 2005).   

What causes inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What causes inflation - Essay Example It will also look at some of the ways that an individual is able to calculate the inflation rate in an economy. However, the paper will not only focus on the negative side of matters and in conclusion it will also determine what solutions have been brought about on how the economy can avoid such a situation. Introduction Inflation can be described as the increase in the price level of various services and goods within an economy that takes place over a period of time. It should be noted that this increase happens in all sectors of the market meaning that almost goods and services suffer as a result and those in the economy end with a rising expenditure for the same things that they used to buy before (Taylor 89). It may not be very noticeable at first as it is a gradual process and prices do not sky rocket on the first day meaning that many individuals are usually caught off their guard by the situation leading to a financial panic as they realize just what exactly is going on. As a result of inflation, money also loses a fair amount of purchasing power meaning that an individual is able to buy less with a certain amount that before was adequate for his expenditure needs (Svensson 148). Loss of purchasing power of a currency is not good for the economy as this serves to lower the value of a currency as a whole in the end. It is due to this fact that individuals and institutions struggle against any signs of inflation in a bid to avoid from taking place and stopping it in its tracks as early as possible, the sooner the better (Taylor 101). Though inflation is viewed mostly as a negative impact on the economy, it should be noted that there are both positive and negative effects that are associated with this occurrence. Measures of Inflation One is able to identify the onset of inflation in an economy by measuring the inflation rate of that economy. Though there are a number of other ways in which measuring can be done, this is the main method that is used by econ omists on a global scale. Measuring the inflation rate is done by taking note of the yearly change in percentage terms of a price index over a period of time (Abel & Bernanke 93). The price index that is mostly used for these purposes is the consumer index though other can be used as well. The consumer price index is determined by measuring the prices of a selection of various goods and services that are usually bought by the average consumer and include items that may be needed on a daily basis such as foodstuffs and other supplies (Baumol & Blinder 25). High end items are not included in this collection of goods and services as they are first o f all not bought by the typical consumer and second of all not purchased on a regular basis thus they would reflect dishonestly on the final figure that is obtained in the end. Apart from the consumer price index, other indices that are also used to obtain the level of inflation in an economy also include the producer price index. This inde x concentrates on the producers rather than the consumers and determines the amount of money that domestic producers receive for their products over time determining the changes calculated in percentage in the process (Abel & Bernanke 98). The difference between this and the Consumer Price Index is mainly due to issues such as taxes and the intention of profit that will make the

Skills and Experiences Acquired In the Past 12 Months Lab Report

Skills and Experiences Acquired In the Past 12 Months - Lab Report Example Likewise, in the mastering my new language skills, I listened to the podcast as it enabled me to develop a positive feeling for the language in question while also allowing me to learn more and more words. The use of such devices like the podcast enabled me to understand how different sentences are put together hence enabled me to learn my new language skills just like a baby learns to talk a mother’s language (Dyer, Gregersen & Christensen, 2011). Through my inquiry for innovation networks, I found it important since it is like to develop skills for discipline because fostering innovation skills in any area is greatly dependent on the disciplines taught. This will include having the grasp of technical skills, skills in thinking and creativity, behavioral and socials skills. Likewise, through the inquiry, I would like to develop skills in pedagogies which will constitute problem-based learning at the site, cooperative learning, and meta-cognitive learning. This will be tremendously essential to me because it will enable me to focus on different aspects of innovation like design thinking amongst others. In addition, throughout the inquiry, I would like to attain the skills of assessment in order for me to develop and assess various creativity aspects and other habits of the mind related to innovation. Lastly, I would like to develop the skills for international mobility through the inquiry because it will be crucial in enabling me foster skills I have acquired from different sources to match those of the globalized economy (Kuhlthau, Caspari, & Maniotes, 2007). My contribution in the learning process towards innovation networks would be placing myself at the center of what happens in all situations. This will enable me to achieve both cognition and growth as I will be self-regulated hence able to control my mind and emotions to  set various realistic goals and monitor my progress throughout the process.  

Analysis Of Three Theories Soft Hard And Indeterminism Philosophy Essay

Analysis Of Three Theories Soft Hard And Indeterminism Philosophy Essay I am going to compare and analyze the three theories; Soft, hard and indeterminism. I will demonstrate what consequences they have on freewill as well if the universe entire history is predetermined. Strong determinism is the theory that states that every single thing that happens in the universe is determined and governed by the natural law. For example, how earth moves, what movie you chose to see in the cinema. A strong determinist strictly believes that nothing could influence this behavior, in other words our choice or free will does not exist, not even luck. This theory is the strongest theory that supports determinism; this affects freewill very badly, since hard determinism does not believe in free will. This is problematic since how can we have free will if everything is determined and if it is true, would it not create ethical consequences if we have no free will? One might argue that if determinism was true then how can we blame a person who robs a bank? If the universe de termines that he is bound to do that, then he does not have any free will which means we cannot really blame him? There is no right or wrong, nor good or evil if everything is predetermined, this shows the flaws of determinism as a consequence. If determinism may be real, then we are no freer than robots, and since there is no evil or good there is no reason to reward or punish someone. Since this theory rejects ethics, morals and completely disagrees with free will a new concept was created, which is called Soft Determinism. This theory states that determinism is correct; however it tries to make determinism and moral and ethics (and free will) compatible. Since soft determinism believes that everything is determined, it does not believe that our actions are acted freely. Soft determinism in contrast to Hard determinism believes that an action can be voluntary, in other words for something to occur it does not necessarily mean that it cannot have any freedom of choice. One argument may say if I was about to give money to a poor person out of good will and freedom (choice) and then he turned on me with a gun, then it would not mean it would be freedom or soft determinism since I will be forced to do it. An argument would be if a robber were to rob a bank, the soft determinist does not think that his action was caused because he was not free, he did it voluntarily. This theory states that free will is voluntary actions. A hard determinist would argue that this act cannot be free, it must occur. But then again why would the robber rob a bank without any reason? Indeterminism is the theory that states that most events and decisions are occurred by pure chance. In other words, they just happen and have nothing to do with having a determined behavior. They believe that every event is not predictable and this opens a way for us to influence the future and by this we can act freely and have morally responsibilities. The flaw in indeterminism is that if everything happens by chance then free will is unpredictable and happens randomly which cannot hold the person responsible for his choices since he cannot predict when or what will occur. If determinism was true, then it would have several of consequences for free will. Since if we have a determined cause for every action we imply, then our behavior is much like a robot. Since robots do not have any free will and if determinism was true then we people would not either have free will. So by removing all the responsibilities a person have since he cannot control what he is doing, would mean that if someone committed a crime they cannot be blamed since they did not have any freewill. An incompatibilist would argue that if determinism was true then there is no chance of having a free will. Another argument is that soft determinism states that freewill is voluntarily actions, but then again it cannot be free will if our causes are based upon voluntary actions since you are not the first causer. In order to have free will we need to be the first person that causes the choice he makes, so in other words if determinism was true, then we do not cause our choices but that every thing that happens are caused by events and the natural law which he cannot control. Therefore he cannot have freewill since he is not the primary cause of the choices he makes. Finally we come to the question, can we escape the conclusion that the entire history of the universe follows a predetermined path? Well I believe that we cannot escape the conclusion, since I think that the universe cannot come from nothing, and the path its heading is predetermined. I see that everything consisted in the universe is similar to a giant puzzle; if a puzzle bit would act randomly then the puzzle would break. For example, if the atoms in space would act randomly then the end product would not be produced, so every atom needs to have a determined action in order to create things. Just like we have cells in our bodies the immune system is an example, which is consisted of millions of other cells that interacts in a determined way in order to create end products such as; more white cells. That is how I see the universe that our solar system is one cell that exists in trillions of other universes that make up a small piece of the giant puzzle. For example, if my parents ne ver met I would not have existed, so for something to exist there must have been something determine its path. Their genes, education, social life and every factor that have enabled them to meet each other is a direct result of how they met, meaning that the end product is that his was meant to happen. But then, if the future is predetermined then why am I not acting randomly such as deleting everything Ive written so far, draw a huge smile face and send it to MR Hemingway? Well if I was to change the future of my philosophical grade, it would be a direct result of how I am as a person in other words it was meant to happen anyway. The best way for me to think is comparing the universe is with a song, if I pause the song just in the middle I have just heard the past but I know that there is a future that is already determined in that song but it is still unknown, but I can clearly hear that the future is based on the past and this is why I believe that the university is predetermined , and I also believe that in the future we will be able to time travel, just because of this. In conclusion hard determinism denies freedom and believes that everything is determined compared to soft determinism where it still believe that everything is determined however even though our actions are voluntarily. Indeterminism believes that things could happen randomly. All these theories give a consequence to free will, since if determinism was true we would be robots that have no free will at all, we would be people with choices that we cannot decide freely. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/incompatibilism-arguments/#ChoConArg http://www.enotes.com/topic/Indeterminism http://www.lancs.ac.uk/users/philosophy/courses/100/100kant.htm http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~uctytho/dfwVariousKant.htm http://philosophy.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/Notes/freedom1.htm http://www.degree-essays.com/coursework/philosophy-essays/compare-and-contrast-soft-and-hard-determinism-in-respect-to-competing-notion-of-negative-and-positive-freedom/ http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9781405106795_chunk_g97814051067955_ss1-85 http://www.scandalon.co.uk/philosophy/soft.htm http://instruct.westvalley.edu/lafave/FREE.HTM

Ovids Devaluation of Sympathy in Metamorphoses Essay -- Ovid Metamorp

Ovid's Devaluation of Sympathy in Metamorphoses  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Ovid reveals two similar tales of incest in the Metamorphoses. First, he describes the non-sisterly love Byblis acquires for her twin brother Caunus. Later, he revisits the incestuous love theme with the story of Myrrha who develops a non-filial love for her father, Cinyras. The two accounts hold many similarities and elicit varying reactions. Ovid constantly tugs at our emotions and draws forth alternating feelings of pity and disgust for the matters at hand. "Repetition with a difference" in these two narratives shows how fickle we can be in allotting and denying sympathy, making it seem less valuable. Both tales begin drawing forth a sense of disgust for the situation in general yet arousing pity for each girl's predicament. Ovid clearly labels the love Byblis and Myrrha pursue illegitimate when he summarizes the moral of Byblis' tale stating, "when girls love they should love lawfully" (Mandelbaum 307) and reveals that "to hate a father is / a crime, but love like [Myrrha's] is worse than hate" (338) before describing Myrrha's tale. By presenting the girls as criminals, Ovid leads us to despise them. He then proceeds to draw out sympathy for Byblis and Myrrha as he describes their unsuccessful attempts to overcome these desires. Byblis dreams intimately about Caunus, but "when she's awake, she does not dare / to let her obscene hopes invade her soul" (308). "[Myrrha] strives; she tries; she would subdue / her obscene love," but she cannot (339). Right away, Ovid makes us question if these situations deserve our sympathy. Byblis and Myrrha compel readers to sympathize with their plight as they orally confess their incestuous passions. They use selective lang... ...d leaves us feeling sorry for Myrrha. Ovid tells this tale of forbidden sin twice to show how inconsistent we are in allotting pity. He begins both tales drawing forth our contempt for the matters at hand, then ends both tales with images that arouse our pity. Throughout each story, our emotions sway between pity and disgust. Even though incest disgusts us, we sympathize with Byblis and Myrrha as they seek incestuous loves. Byblis' broken heart arouses our sympathy, yet Myrrha's "fulfilled heart" disgusts us. Ovid devalues our sympathy by showing how unstable we are with our emotions. Works Cited Mandelbaum, Allen, trans. The Metamorphoses of Ovid. By Ovid. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & company, 1993. Crane, Gregory, ed. Perseus Project. 1995. Tufts University. 6 Oct. 1999 <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=ov.+met.+init>